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Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) are synthetic surfactants used in shampoos, body washes, toothpastes, and cleaning products. SLS is a known irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes — it disrupts the skin barrier and can worsen eczema and contact dermatitis. SLES is milder but is produced through a process that can leave behind 1,4-dioxane, a probable human carcinogen. Neither is required to be removed from personal care products in the US, though the EU limits their concentration in leave-on products.